![]() ![]() At the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug produces the spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture.ģ) Power Stroke / Expansion Stroke:- In this stroke, the high-pressure combustion products push the piston downward (toward BDC) to get expand. During a compression stroke, both valves (Inlet and Exhaust) remain in a closed condition. For this purpose, the piston moves from the BDC toward TDC. It is the minimum volume inside the cylinder in the whole cycle.Ī/F ratio (Air-fuel ratio):- It is the ratio of the mass of air to the mass of fuel present in the air-fuel mixture.ġ) Suction Stroke:- While suction stroke, the piston moves from TDC to BDC with the intake valve in open condition and the exhaust valve in closed condition.ĭuring this stroke, as the piston moves from TDC to BDC, a partial vacuum is created inside a cylinder that helps to suck (pull) the air-fuel mixture from the intake manifold into the cylinder.Īt the end of the suction stroke when the piston reaches the BDC, the inlet valve becomes closed.Ģ) Compression Stroke:– During the compression stroke, the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture to high pressure. It is also known as the volume swept by the piston from TDC to BDC.Ĭlearance volume:- When the piston is at TDC, the Volume enclosed by the cylinder and piston is known as clearance volume. Stroke volume:- The volume of the cylinder from the position TDC to the BDC is known as a stroke/swept volume. Stroke:- The travel of the piston from the TDC to BDC or vice versa is known as stroke. When the piston is at BDC, the volume inside the cylinder enclosed by the piston is maximum. When the piston is at TDC, the volume inside the cylinder enclosed by the piston is minimum.īDC (Bottom Dead Centre):- It is the farthest position of the piston from the cylinder head. TDC (Top Dead Centre):- It is the nearest position of the piston from the cylinder head. ![]() The inlet valve actuates to control the entry of fresh charge from the intake manifold into the engine cylinder and the exhaust valve actuates to control the removal of exhaust gases from a cylinder to the exhaust manifold.įollowing are some of the vital terms used in the case of the 4-stroke petrol engine, which will provide ease to understand the topic:. ![]() The inlet and exhaust valves are mounted into the cylinder head. This helps to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft and vice versa. The piston easily reciprocates inside a cylinder and it is connected to the crankshaft with the help of connecting rod. The cylinder head is mounted over the cylinder block and the piston is placed inside the cylinder to form a cylinder cavity or combustion chamber. The moving components of the petrol engine are piston, connecting rod, crank and crankshaft, intake and exhaust valves, etc. The stationary components of the petrol engine are the cylinder, cylinder head, crankcase, intake and exhaust manifold, spark plug, etc. The 4 stroke petrol engine consists of stationary as well as moving components. ![]() In this process, a spark plug produces a spark, to ignite the fresh charge (Air + Fuel) which causes the pressure inside the combustion chamber to raise from P2 toP3.ĭ) Process (3-4):- It is an adiabatic expansion in which the high-pressure gases expand inside the cylinder from P3 to P4.Į) Process (4-1):- It is a constant volume heat rejection, during which the heat is rejected outside of the cylinder.į) Process (1-0):- It is a constant pressure process in which burn gases are released from the cylinder into the exhaust Pipe. The cycle was invented by the German engineer Nicolaus Otto and mainly consists of two adiabatic and two isochoric processes.Ī) Process (0-1):- During this process, the piston sucks (pulls) the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder at constant pressure P1.ī) Process (1-2):- It is an adiabatic compression process in which the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder from pressure P1 to P2.Ĭ) Process (2-3):- It is a constant volume heat addition process. The four stroke petrol engine works on the principle of the otto cycle. ![]()
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